Archive for March, 2009

Time Management

Friday, March 27th, 2009

Everyone has certain demands upon his time, demands which may be met or avoided; enjoyed accepted, or despised. Nor is a difference to be found here whether one is a homemaker or a teacher, an industrialist or an artist, a man or a woman, a child or an adult. The use of time so that it will mean the most in the attainment of individual and family goals is the real objective of time management.

Time and energy are closely related, the management and use of either one affecting the other. Time forms the framework in which various activities and work take place. The time of day  shown on the clock or watch or announced on radio or television is a constant guide in carrying out the day’s activities in distributing  the work load, and in checking on progress during the day. With experience, we learn to think in patterns of time hours for work, for play, and for rest.

Measures Of Effectiveness

Wednesday, March 18th, 2009

One advantage of process layouts is their ability to satisfy a variety of processing requirements. Customers of materials in these systems requires different operations and different paths through the system. Materials oriented systems necessitate the use of variable path material handling equipment to move materials from work center to work center, and in customer oriented systems, people must ravel or be transformed from work center to work center. In both cases, transportation costs or time can be significant. Because of this factor, one of the major objectives in process layout is to minimize transportation costs, distance, or time.

This is actually accomplished by locating departments with relatively high interdepartmental work flow as close together as possible. other concerns in choosing among alternative layouts includes initial costs in setting up the layout, expected operating costs, the amount of effective capacity created, and the case of modiying the system if the need arose.

Job Design

Tuesday, March 10th, 2009

Job design is concerned with specifying the contents and methods of jobs. In general, the goal of job design is to create a work systems that is productive and efficient, taking into consideration the costs and benefits of various alternatives for the organization and for the workers. Practically speaking, job designers are concerned with who will do a job, how the work will be done, and where the job will be done. And in order for job design to be successful it must be: carried out by experienced personnel who have the necessary training background. Consistent with the goals of the business. In written form. Understood and agreed to by both management and employees. The factors that affect job design and the implications of various alternatives are often so complex that a person without a good background in job design is likely to overlook important aspects of it. Workers and managers alike should be consulted in order to take advantage of their knowledge as well as to keep them informed. Because they are valuable ideas for job improvements.

Managerial support for job design depends on the commitment and involvement of the manager. It is usually easier to sell a design to these two groups if they have been included in the process.Finally, establishing a written record of the job design can service as a basis for referral if questions arise about it.

Pollution

Sunday, March 1st, 2009

The term pollution refers to any unwanted contaminant in the environment that poses health risk. Environmental pollutants do not only contribute to the spread of communicable diseases but also to many chronic diseases. Rapid population growth often results to mass consumption, competition and the depletion of the natural resources, and a;though advancement in science and technology has helped mankind speed up communication and other processes, ironically, it has damaged the environment as well.

Water pollution Just like air, water is vital to life. In spite of knowing its importance to life, people keep on dumping wastes of all sorts to the bodies of water. When pollutants are channeled into non flowing bodies of water such as lakes, accelerated growth of algae results in bacterial decomposition that consumes the oxygen present.This oxygen deficit kills fish and other lakes inhabitants which are important sources of food., Polluted water can cause diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, amoebiasis and hepatitis.Pollution can also trigger red tide, a condition when water turns into red due to the one celled microorganisms called dinoflagellets which produce toxins that contaminate shellfish. People who happen to eat contaminated shellfish will suffer from PSP or the paralytic shellfish poisoning.